这篇文章将详细介绍如何在 Ubuntu 系统中更换软件源，以提高软件包的下载速度和更新效率。这是一个非常实用的技巧，尤其适合那些经常需要更新系统和软件包的用户。
Tips
本文使用 Ubuntu 20.04 进行演示，关于 Ubuntu 各版本的系统代号会在文末给出。
镜像源更换#
备份原镜像源文件#
首先，备份当前的镜像源文件。这样做的目的是保证在更换过程中遇到问题时，可以快速恢复到原始状态。
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| sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
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编辑镜像源文件#
接下来，编辑 /etc/apt/sources.list 文件，将其中的镜像源地址更换为更快的镜像源。这里推荐使用阿里云镜像源。
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| sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
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在打开的编辑器中，将原有的内容替换为以下内容：
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| # Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa) 镜像源
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# 清华大学镜像源（可选）
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse multiverse
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更新软件包列表#
完成编辑后，更新软件包列表，以确保系统能够识别新的镜像源。
Ubuntu 系统代号#
| Version | Code name | Version | Code name | Version | Code name | Version | Code name |
|---|
| 24.10 | Oracular Oriole | 19.04 | Disco Dingo | 14.04 | Trusty Tahr | 9.04 | Jaunty Jackalope |
| 24.04 | Noble Numbat | 18.10 | Cosmic Cuttlefish | 13.10 | Saucy Salamander | 8.10 | Intrepid Ibex |
| 23.10 | Mantic Minotaur | 18.04 | Bionic Beaver | 13.04 | Raring Ringtail | 8.04 | Hardy Heron |
| 23.04 | Lunar Lobster | 17.10 | Artful Aardvark | 12.10 | Quantal Quetzal | 7.10 | Gutsy Gibbon |
| 22.10 | Kinetic Kudu | 17.04 | Zesty Zapus | 12.04 | Precise Pangolin | 7.04 | Feisty Fawn |
| 22.04 | Jammy Jellyfish | 16.10 | Yakkety Yak | 11.10 | Oneiric Ocelot | 6.10 | Edgy Eft |
| 21.10 | Impish Indri | 16.04 | Xenial Xerus | 11.04 | Natty Narwhal | 6.06 | Dapper Drake |
| 21.04 | Hirsute Hippo | 15.10 | Wily Werewolf | 10.10 | Maverick Meerkat | 5.10 | Breezy Badger |
| 20.10 | Groovy Gorilla | 15.04 | Vivid Vervet | 10.04 | Lucid Lynx | 5.04 | Hoary Hedgehog |
| 20.04 | Focal Fossa | 14.10 | Utopic Unicorn | 9.10 | Karmic Koala | 4.10 | Warty Warthog |
| 19.10 | Eoan Ermine | | | | | | |